UK · Public finances

National Debt & Government Spending

Where the money comes from, where it goes, and how much we owe.

UK Government Spending 2025-26

Where does it all go? — £1.37 trillion

Total£1.37tn
£1,368bnTotal government spending 2025/26
£1,235bnTotal receipts (tax revenue)
£133bnBudget deficit (the gap)
£110bnDebt interest

Section 2

Spending vs tax revenue since 1970

Government spending vs tax revenue (% of GDP), 1970–2025

SpendingReceipts
0%10%20%30%40%1988 · Lawson surplus1999 · Blair surpluses2008 · Financial crisis2020 · COVID peak 49.6% spending197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025

Section 3

The deficit since 1970

UK Budget Deficit (% of GDP)

DeficitSurplus
-5%0%5%10%15%20%197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025

Section 4

National debt since 1970

UK National Debt (% of GDP)

0%20%40%60%80%100%120%1990 · 27% (post-Thatcher low)2008 · 37% (pre-crisis)2020 · 95% (COVID)2025 · 96% (~£2.94 trillion)197019751980198519901995200020052010201520202025
96%National debt as % of GDP (2025/26)
£2.94 trillionTotal national debt (2025/26)
DoubledDebt as % of GDP doubled since the 2008 financial crisis

Section 5

Nominal spending and receipts

Government spending and tax revenue (£ billions)

Spending £bnReceipts £bn
£0bn£200bn£400bn£600bn£800bn£1000bn£1200bn2000200320062009201220152018202120242025

Sources

Data sources