Infographic

The Growth in British Net Immigration

Chart of net migration by nationality showing the post-2021 rise in non-EU migration and the changing contribution of EU and British flows.

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Immigration

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ImmigrationImmigration

Source@JosephPolitano on X / ONS

PeriodPost-2021 reform era

Stacked bar chart showing growth in British net immigration by British, EU, and non-EU nationality components

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Line chart showing how taxes and benefits narrow the household income gap between ethnic groups in the UK in 2023/24

TaxEconomicsTaxImmigrationDemographics

How Taxes and Benefits Narrow the Income Gap Between Ethnic Groups

Visual explainer of how taxes and benefits compress post-tax and final-income gaps between ethnic groups, using ONS household income data for 2023/24.

Horizontal bar chart showing how taxes paid and benefits received combine by ethnic group in the UK in 2023/24

TaxEconomicsTaxImmigrationDemographics

How Taxes and Benefits Combine by Ethnic Group

Breakdown of direct taxes, indirect taxes, cash benefits, and benefits in kind by ethnic group, showing the net effect on final household income in 2023/24.

Bar chart from CPS showing the proportion of household reference persons in social housing by country of birth in England and Wales (Census 2021). Somali-born residents have the highest rate at around 75%; UK-born is around 25%.

Social HousingSocial HousingImmigration

Social housing tenants by country of birth

Proportion of household reference persons in social housing by country of birth. Somali-born residents have the highest rate (~75%), followed by Other Africa and Jamaica at ~55–60%; the UK-born rate is around 25%.